اُردو افسانے کا رُومانوی رُجحان:تحقیق و تجزیہ

Romantic trend in Urdu Short Story: Research and Analysis

Abstract

Urdu literature started under the influence of this Eastern literature. In poetry and speech, Persian classical tradition was followed, but in prose, fictional literature began with the translations of ancient stories, which were a reflection of the specific romantic mood of the East. His persuasive language, suspenseful narration, presence of supernatural elements, and depiction of the perilous adventures of the brave and heroic hero brought him closer to the Romantic movement.Over the time, fiction,especially short story became closer to reality on both thematic and stylistic levels, but the tragic situation that arose during the process of partition of the subcontinent,the subject and style both changed in fiction.The experience of migration and the problems of adjusting to a new place created an atmosphere of nostalgia among fiction writers.Introversion became the attribute of fiction.

       References in Roman Script:

1. Muhammad Khan Ashraf, Dr.,Romanviat aur Urdu Mien Romanvi Tahreek, Lahore, Al-Waqar Publications, 1998, p: 84
2. Ibid, p: 52
3. Ibid, p: 38
4. Ehtisham Hussain, "Sayyid Yildirim aur un kay Sathi aur Romanvi Afsana Nigari",Mashmola Pagdandi (Yildirim No.), Amritsar, 1961,Volume 9, Issue 5, Page: 96
5. Encyclopedia of Adbiyat-e-Alam, Yasir Jawad, Editor, Islamabad, Academy Adbiyat, Pakistan, 2013, p: 227
6. Muhammad Ashraf Khan, Dr., Romanviat aur Urdu Mien Romanvi Tahreek, p. 175
7. Mirza Hamid Baig,Urdu Afsana ki Rewayit (1903-1990), Islamabad, Academy Adbiyat, Pakistan, 1991, p: 30
8. Naqosh (Afsana Number), Urdu Afsanay Mien rewayt aur Tajurbay (Symposium), Vol. 2, 1954, p: 1028
9. Farman Fatehpuri, Dr., Urdu ka Afsanvi Adab, Multan,Beacon Books, 1988, p.121
10. Muhammad Ashraf Khan, Dr.,Romanviat aur Urdu Mien Romanvi Tahreek, p. 93
11. Qamar Raees,Bisvi Sadi ka Afsanvi Adab, Delhi, Kitabi Dunya, 2004, p.72
12. Muhammad Alam Khan,Urdu Afsanay Mien Rmanvi Rujhanat, p. 196
13. Muhammad Ashraf, Dr, Romanviat aur Urdu Mien Romanvi Tahreek,p. 219
14. Qar Azim, Syed,Dastan se Afsane tak, Karachi, Urdu Academy Sindh, 1960, p: 208
15. Qarat-ul-Ain Haider, "Sajjad Haider Yildirim" Mashmola Pagdandi(Sijad Haider Yildirim No.), Amritsar, Volume 9, Issue 5, 1961, p. 36
16. Yildirim, Sajjad Haider, Kharistan –o-Gulistan majmoa Khyalistan, Khayabistan, Lahore, Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1996, p: 56
17. Amir Arifi, Niaz Fateh Puri, Delhi: Anjuman Rarraqi Urdu Hind, 1987, p: 11
18. Niaz Fatehpuri, (Tamheed) Cupid and Psyche, Lucknow: Hamdam Barqi Press, 1918 p: b,
19. Mirza Hamid Baig,Urdu Afsanay ki Rewayt (1903, 1990), p. 47
20. Ibid, p: 59
21. Mirza Hamid Baig, Urdu Afsanay ki Rewayt (1903-1990), p. 57
22. Ibid, p: 57
23. Ibid, p: 57
24. Ibid, p: 59
25. Muhammad Khan Ashraf, Dr., Romanviat aur Urdu Mien Romanvi Tahreek, pp. 230-231
26. Anwarsadeed, Dr. Movements of Urdu Literature, Karachi: Anjuman Tarraqi Urdu, Pakistan, 1985, pp. 458
27. Waqar Azim, Dastan se Afsane tak, Karachi, p.14
28. Shakib Niazi,Krishna chandra Kay Aafsanvi adab Mien Haqeeqat Nigari, New Delhi: Moderm Publishing House,1991,p:159-158
29. Muhammad Khan Ashraf, Dr.,Romanviat aur Urdu Mien Romanvi Tahreek, pp. 230
30. Ibid, p. 230
31. Saleem Akhtar, Dr., Afsana Haqiqat sy Alamt tak, Lahore, Maktaba Aliya, 1976, p. 41-42.
32. Dr. Anwar Sadid, Mukhtasar Urdu Afsana Ahd ba Ahd, Lahore, Muqbool Academy, S.N., p: 26
33. Mohammad Hasan, Dr.,Urdu Adab Mien Romanvi Tahrkien, p. 125
34. Mirza Hamid Baig, Urdu Afsanay ki Rewayt (1903-1990), p: 87
35. Muhammad Alam Khan,Urdu Afsanay Mien Rmani Rujhanat, p: 552
36. Anwar Sadid,Urdu Adab Ki Tahreekien, p. 603
37. Mirza Hamid Baig, , Urdu Afsanay ki Rewayt (1903-1990), p.83