اُردوناول کی تنقیدکے ابتدائی نقوش

Early Impressions of Urdu Novel Criticism

Abstract

The response form of criticism of the novel we see is the expression of the ideas of these creators about the novel which they have done in the prefaces, reviews, examples of their novels in a traditional and brief way. Technical essentials and standards are briefly discussed. This critical period of novel criticism began when the Urdu novel was passing through its formative period. The foundations of the Urdu novel were still being laid. It started on which the critics who came later spent their pen. To evaluate the criticism of the novel, it is necessary to start from the early period of the novel, because at that time the possibilities of the evolution of the criticism of the novel were becoming clear.

References in Roman Script:

       1. Karim ud Din, Maulvi, Khat-i-Taqdeer, Danesh Mahal, Lucknow, 1965, P.37

1. Mahmood Elahi, Dr., Preface: Khat-e-Taqdeer, Danesh Mahal, Lucknow, 1965, P. 2
2. Karim ud Din, Maulawi, Khat-e-Taqdeer, P.37
3.   Muhammad Yasin, Dr.,Novel ka Fan aur Nazria, Dar un Nawader, Lahore, 2013, P. 8
4. Karim ud Din, Maulvi, Khat-e-Taqdeer, PP. 37-38

1. Irtza Karim, Urdu Fiction ki Tanqeed, Aks Publications, Lahore, 2019, P. 16
2. Muhammad Yasin Gaureja, Dr., Urdu main Tareekhi Novel, Ablagh, Lahore, 1994, P.128
3. Nazir Ahmad, Marat al-Aros, Nool Kishore, Lucknow, 1869, P.3
4. Ibid, P.4
5. E.M Forster, Aspects of the Novel, PENGUIN BOOKS, New York, USA, P.41
6. Azeem ush Shan Siddiqui, Urdu Novel Aghaz wa Irteqa, Book Talk, Lahore, 2019, P.31
7.  Manwar Akash, Fiction ki Tameer, Fiction House, Lahore, 2017, P. 68
8. Ibid, P.71
9. Azeem ush Shan Siddiqui, Urdu Novel Aghaz wa Irteqa,P.32

1. Abu Bakar Ibad,Fiction ki Talaash mian, Seventh Sky Publications, Lahore, 2014, P.35
2. Ibid, P.38

1. Ali Abbas Hussaini, Urdu Novel ki Tareekh aur Tanqeed, Educational Book House, Aligarh, 1987, P. 154
2. Mathew Campson, Taqreez, Mashmula: Marat al-Aroos”, Nazir Ahmad, Nol Kishore, Lucknow, 1869, PP. 6-7
3. Mathew Campson, Taqreez, Mashmula:”Taubata-an-Nusuh”, Nazir Ahmad, Nol Kishore, Lucknow, 1921, P.10
4. Shad Azim Abadi, Surat ul Khayal, Matbe Qaisari, Azeem Abad, Patna, 1893, P 3-4
5. Abdul Wahab Ashrafi, Syed, Shad Azim Abadi aur un ki Nasar Nigari, Culture Academy, Gaya, India, 1975, P.85
6. Mohammad Azad, Syed, Nawab, Sawanih-e-Umri Maulana Azad, Murttab: Mushtaq Ahmad, Bihar Urdu Academy, Patna, 1979, P.4
7. Asif Farrukhi, Alam-e-Ejad, Shahrzad, Karachi, 2004, P. 157
8. Abdul Ghafoor Shahbaz, Syed, Muqdima:”Sawaneh-e-Umri Maulana Azad”, Syed Mohammad Azad, Bihar Urdu Academy, Patna, 1979, P. 25
9. Ibid, P.2626.     Afzal ud Din Ahmad, Syed, Fasana-e-Khurshidi, Union Press, Bankipur, Patna, 1905, p.4

1. Asif Farrukhi, Alam-e-Ejad, Shahrzad, Karachi, 2004, P. 157
2. Ibid, P.160