عہدِ حاضر کی اُردو غزل میں رقیب کی مختلف جہات بحوالہ فیض احمدفیض

Different aspects of the “REQQEEB”in contemporary Urdu Gazal with Faiz Ahmad Faiz

Abstract

Love is a universal and cosmic emotion that has inevitably brought its opposite “rivalry” into the world. The word rivalry originates from “RAQQEEB”in Persian, it means “the enemy of love”, in Arabic, it means “a guardian”; and in Urdu, it refers to the rivalry or mutual envy between two lovers for the same beloved. The “RAQQEEB”is a central and controversial figure in the classical Urdu Ghazal. Within its traditional triangular structure (lover, beloved, rival), the raqeeb is indispensable. Without the rival, the system of love appears colorless and insipidjust as the world’s order would seem dull without the existence of Satan.A study of the classical tradition, from Wali Dakhni to Dagh Dehlvi, reveals the multidimensional role of the “RAQQEEB”Classical poets gave this figure remarkable strength, portraying the intensity and fervor of the rival’s emotions through metaphors, similes, and diverse literary devices.They also addressed the“RAQQEEB”by many other names, such as moralist, messenger, preacher, hypocritical ascetic, and even lustful elder۔

      References in Roman Script:

1. Abul Ijaz Siddiqi, murattib: Tanqeedi Istilahaat, Muqtadra Qaumi Zaban, Islamabad, 1985, p. 6
2. Nabi, Athar, Martaba, Shakhs aur Shayari, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Samant Prakashan, Nai Dilli, 1991, p. 50
3. Nusrat Chaudhry, Doctor, Faiz Ahmad Faiz: Riwayat aur Infiradiyat, Samant Prakashan, Nai Dilli, 1991, p. 323
4. Sanbal Nagar, Doctor, Urdu Shayari ka Tanqeedi Mutala‘a, Fiction House, Lahore, 2020, p. 754
5. Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Nuskha Haye Wafa, Maktaba Karwan, Kacheri Road, Lahore, 1986, p. 67
6. p.:69
7. p: 69
8. p: 110
9.  p: 132
10. p: 133
11.  p: 141
12. p: 147
13. p: 162
14.  p. 65
15. p: 235
16.  p: 240
17. p. 257
18. p: 267
19. p: 342
20. Ram Malik, Diwan-e-Ghalib (Murattib), Ghalib Institute, Nai Dilli, 1979, p: 44
21. p: 349
22.  p: 411
23. Ram Malik, Diwan-e-Ghalib (Murattib), Ghalib Institute, Nai Dilli, 1979, p: 101
24. Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Nuskha Haye Wafa, Lahore, Maktaba Karwan, 1986, p: 526
25. p.:649