اُردو کلاسیکی شاعری اور خمریات

Urdu Classical Poetry and Wine Imagery (Khamriyat)

Abstract

In its early period, Urdu poetry remained confined to formal and social themes, and the ghazal was initially used merely to speak about women or to express romantic emotions. Later, however, its themes grew more diverse, and it came to encompass not only the beloved’s appearance, mannerisms, and physical beauty, but also a wide range of human experiences. As poetry continued to flourish, religion and love gradually assumed central significance within it. In Urdu poetry, the themes of beauty, color, and love have always remained especially favored. Khamriyat Wine imagery has been a part of poetry since the classical era. In the works of Urdu poets, khamriyat (wine imagery) forms a highly important and richly varied chapter. Every poet has employed “wine, the cupbearer, the tavern, libertinism, ecstasy, and the goblet” in different ways to express personal emotions, philosophy, spirituality, and social experience. From Mīr to Iqbal, every classical poet has presented various aspects of wine imagery in his own unique style.

      References in Roman Script:

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10. Ibid, p: 464
11. Ibid, p: 466
12. Ibid, p: 467
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14. , p: 148