منٹو کے افسانوں میں جارحیت کے عناصر: فرائیڈ کے تصورات کی روشنی میں

Elements of Aggression in Manto’s Short Stories: In the Light of Freud’s Theories

Abstract

Saadat Hasan Manto is regarded as one of the most significant fiction writers in Urdu literature, whose short stories profoundly portray human psychology, social oppression, sexual complexities, and the trauma of the Partition of India. The element of aggression appears prominently in his fiction through physical violence, psychological disturbance, sexual conflict, social revenge, and moral disintegration. This study explores the elements of aggression in Manto’s short stories in the light of the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud, particularly his concepts of Eros (life instinct), Thanatos (death instinct), the unconscious mind, repression, and subconscious desires. According to Freud, suppressed emotions and unconscious drives often emerge in the form of aggressive behavior, and these psychological impulses are vividly reflected in Manto’s characters. Manto’s depiction of brutality, fear, sexual anxiety, and human savagery during the Partition reflects a deep connection with Freudian psychoanalysis.

       References in Roman Script:

1. Shafiq Anjum, Dr., Urdu Afsana, Islamabad: Purab Academy, 2015, p. 122.
2. Ibid,p. 132.
3. Hamid Baig Mirza, Urdu Afsanay Ki Riwayat, Islamabad: Academy of Letters, 1999, p. 75.
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5. Tahir Asghar (Mudawwan), Yeh Hai Manto Fun, Lahore: Maktaba Jadeed, Sanah Nadarad, p. 225.
6. , p. 147.
7. , p. 120.
8. Amjad Tufail (Murattaba), Kulliyat-e-Manto, Vol. I, Islamabad: Nairang-e-Khayal Publications, 2012, p.193.
9. Ibid
10. , p. 194.
11. , p. 70.
12. Saadat Hasan Manto, Manto Nama, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2007, p. 125.
13. , p. 108.
14. , p.105–106.