اُردو ادب میں یوٹوپیائی عناصر
Utopian Elements in Urdu Literature
Keywords:
Urdu Literature, Utopia, Dystopia, Classical Poetry, Progressive Writers Movement, Ghazal, Marsiya, Dastan, Partition LiteratureAbstract
There is a particular kind of dreaming that refuses to stay quiet. It does not announce itself with banners or manifestos. This is the utopia of Urdu literature and it has been alive for centuries. This paper sets out to explore how the idea of a better world has woven itself through the entire fabric of Urdu literary tradition, it is something deeper: that Urdu literature developed its own distinct language of hope, one that does not resemble the Western utopian tradition in either form or feeling. Urdu writers never looked for utopia on any map. The paper moves through the major genres of Urdu literature with this lens. In the ghazal, it finds a utopia that is intensely personal the eternal beloved who is never reached, whose very unreachability is what gives life its meaning Moving into fiction, the paper traces how the Urdu novel carried utopia through its most complicated terrain. Deputy Nazir Ahmad dreamed of a morally reformed household.
References in Roman Script:
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- Mirza Ghalib, Diwan-e-Ghalib-e-Jadeed (Nuskha-e-Hameediya), Madhya Pradesh Urdu Academy, Bhopal,1982, p.200
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