Religious Intolerance and Sectarianism Weakening the Muslim Ummah: An Iqbalian Perspective

Religious Intolerance and Sectarianism Weakening the Muslim Ummah: An Iqbalian Perspective

Authors

  • Zoresha Tareen Ph.D Scholar, Department of Iqbal Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Dr. Muhammad Asghar Sial Assistant Professor, Department of Iqbal Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Keywords:

Religious Intolerance, Sectarianism, Muslim Ummah, Collective Muslim Identity, Tolerance and Coexistence, Allama Iqbal, Muslim Unity, Islamic Thought

Abstract

Religious intolerance and sectarianism have emerged as serious and persistent challenges within the contemporary Muslim Ummah, gradually weakening its unity, stability and intellectual progress. Although Islam fundamentally emphasizes peace, justice, brotherhood and coexistence, these core values are often distorted by sectarian interpretations that transform religious diversity into sources of conflict, mistrust and violence. This situation is further intensified by political manipulation, extremist ideologies and the selective misuse of religious authority, resulting in deep-rooted social and ideological fragmentation across Muslim societies. This study examines these issues in the light of the philosophy of Allama Iqbal, who considered Muslim unity essential for the revival of Islamic civilization.

     References

  1. Al-Quran: Surah Al-Imran, Ayah 103
  2. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 227
  3. Rafiuddin Hashmi, Dr.: Iqbal ki Taweel Nazmein: Fikri aur Fanni Mutala, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 2018, p. 58
  4. Al-Quran: Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayah 256
  5. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 208
  6. Liaquat Ali Khan, Dr.: Islam ka Nizam-e-Hayat (Seerat-un-Nabi ki Roshni Mein), Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 2011, pp. 348–349
  7. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 287
  8. Al-Quran: Surah Al-Anfal, Ayah 46
  9. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 227
  10. Al-Quran: Surah Al-An’am, Ayah 159
  11. Liaquat Ali Khan, Dr.: Islam ka Nizam-e-Hayat (Seerat-un-Nabi ki Roshni Mein), Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, 2011, p. 341
  12. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 227
  13. Ibid., p. 227
  14. Ibid., p. 701
  15. Ibid., p. 534
  16. Ibid., p. 655
  17. Ibid., p. 597
  18. Ibid., p. 595
  19. Al-Quran: Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayah 120
  20. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 583
  21. Iqbaliyat ke Sau Saal, compiled by Dr. Rafiuddin Hashmi, Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 4th edition, 2019, p. 694
  22. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 227
  23. Ibid., p. 548
  24. Al-Quran: Surah Al-Hujurat, Ayah 6
  25. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 227
  26. Ibid., p. 227
  27. Ibid., p. 585
  28. Ibid., p. 287
  29. Al-Quran: Surah Al-Anfal, Ayah 46
  30. Allama Iqbal: Kulliyat-e-Iqbal (Urdu), Iqbal Academy Pakistan, Lahore, 2021, p. 287

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Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

Tareen , Z., & Sial, D. M. A. (2026). Religious Intolerance and Sectarianism Weakening the Muslim Ummah: An Iqbalian Perspective: Religious Intolerance and Sectarianism Weakening the Muslim Ummah: An Iqbalian Perspective. Zauq-e-Tahqeeq, 8(2), 1–11. Retrieved from http://zauq-e-tahqeeq.com/index.php/ZT/article/view/468

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Zauq-e-Tahqeeq

Section

English